Physical Effects of Buckwheat Extract on Biological Membrane In Vitro and Its Protective Properties.

Aleksandra Włoch,Jan Oszmiański,Romuald Żyłka,Hanna Pruchnik,Halina Kleszczyńska,Paulina Strugała

doi:10.1007/s00232-015-9857-y

Aleksandra Włoch, Jan Oszmiański + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-015-9857-y

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Abstract

Buckwheat is a valuable source of many biologically active compounds and nutrients. It has properties that reduce blood cholesterol levels, and so reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, seals the capillaries, and lowers blood pressure. The aim of the study was to determine quantitative and qualitative characteristics of polyphenols contained in extracts from buckwheat husks and stalks, the biological activity of the extracts, and biophysical effects of their interaction with the erythrocyte membrane, treated as a model of the cell. An analysis of the extract’s composition has shown that buckwheat husk and stalk extracts are a rich source of polyphenolic compounds, the stalk extracts showing more compounds than the husk extract. The study allowed to determine the location which incorporated polyphenols occupy in the erythrocyte membrane and changes in the membrane properties caused by them. It was found that the extracts do not induce hemolysis of red blood cells, causing an increase in osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. They affect mainly the hydrophilic region by changing the degree of order of the polar heads of lipids, but do little to change the fluidity of the membrane and its hydration. The results showed also that polyphenolic substances included in the extracts well protect the membranes of red blood cells against oxidation and exhibit anti-inflammatory effect.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00232-015-9857-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Highlights

The increasing demand for nutraceutic products and gluten-free cereal-based products creates the need for entry into the man’s daily diet of new products
These results allow believing that polyphenolic compounds present in the extracts do not penetrate deeply into the MRBC, since hemolytic action is caused by hydrophilic–hydrophobic molecules whose alkyl chains penetrate the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer, weakening the interaction between components of the membrane (Kleszczynska et al 1986; Łuczynski et al 2013)
The hemolytic test results and those of osmotic resistance indicate that the extracts do not act destructively on the membrane but reinforce it, causing an increase in osmotic resistance of erythrocytes

Summary

Introduction

The increasing demand for nutraceutic products and gluten-free cereal-based products creates the need for entry into the man’s daily diet of new products. One potential pseudo-cereal with these properties is buckwheat A. Włoch et al.: Physical Effects of Buckwheat Extract on Biological Membrane In Vitro and. It is a plant known and cultivated for thousands of years in North and East Asia. Its most popular genus is Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. This plant is rich in starch and protein (Dizlek et al 2009). A lot of functional foods containing buckwheat have entered the world market, such as e.g. pasta

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