Physical dimensions, torsional performance, and metallurgical properties of rotary endodontic instruments: III. Peeso drills

Abstract

A laboratory study was performed on Peeso drills to determine their physical dimensions, torsional performance, and metallurgical properties. Samples were measured from each of sizes #1 to #6 of Peeso drills (type P) and sizes #009 to #023 of Peeso drills (type B-1) from the two manufacturers that distribute these instruments in the United States. They were also tested in clockwise and counterclockwise torsion using a digital torque meter instrument. It was not possible to evaluate completely some type P drills of size #4 and larger or type B-1 drills of size #016 and larger because the torsional moments exceeded the capacity of the test instrument. Scanning electron microscopic examination confirmed visual observations that the stainless steel Peeso drills exhibited ductile torsional fracture, in contrast to the carbon steel Peeso drills which fractured in a relatively brittle manner. The carbon steel Peeso drills exhibited a much greater tendency for torsional fractures in the bur head, along with considerably smaller values of angular deflection at separation compared to the stainless steel Peeso drills. This study is part of a continuing investigation to establish standards for all rotary endodontic instruments.