Abstract
The review reflects physical solutions for de-icing, one of the main problems that impedes the efficient use of wind turbines for autonomous energy resources in cold regions. This topic is currently very relevant for ensuring the dynamic development of wind energy in the Arctic. The review discusses an effective anti-icing strategy for wind turbine blades, including various passive and active physical de-icing techniques using superhydrophobic coatings, thermal heaters, ultrasonic and vibration devices, operating control to determine the optimal methods and their combinations. After a brief description of the active methods, the energy consumption required for their realization is estimated. Passive methods do not involve extra costs, so the review focuses on the most promising solutions with superhydrophobic coatings. Among them, special attention is paid to plastic coatings with a lithographic method of applying micro and nanostructures. This review is of interest to researchers who develop new effective solutions for protection against icing, in particular, when choosing systems for protecting wind turbines.
Highlights
At present, there is a tendency to install wind power plants on the Northern coasts of Europe and America, demonstrating the prospects for the effective use of high-power wind power plants [1]
High wind energy potential characterizes the Far North and the Arctic regions, and the renewable wind energy resources of the Northern countries significantly exceed the capabilities of traditional hydrocarbon sources [2]
From this point of view, the wind energy potential is unambiguous for territories located along the coastline of the Arctic seas, where the average annual wind speed is over 5 m/s
Summary
There is a tendency to install wind power plants on the Northern coasts of Europe and America, demonstrating the prospects for the effective use of high-power wind power plants [1]. The presence of open areas of water changes the air conditions This factor is accompanied by the formation of an ice coat on the surface of the wind turbine blades, which complicates the operation of wind farms in northern latitudes and makes the problem of the icing of equipment and rotors of wind turbines very relevant. Due to the late application of ultrasonic technology on blades of the wind turbine, the technology is not yet sufficiently mature Another technique generates heat by transmitting microwave electromagnetic energy to the surface of the rotor blade to prevent ice formation [26,27]. They may be attributed to active physical methods of combating icing They use changes in external physical conditions and optimize the formation of ice by reducing energy production, that is, not through energy consumption, but the loss of energy produced. The section will attempt to sort out these difficulties
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