Physical Comorbidity and Healthcare Utilization in People with Schizophrenia: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction. Schizophrenia is a mental health condition that can lead to significant disability and have a major impact on social and occupational functioning. It tends to decrease life expectancy, which could be attributed to a variety of factors, including poor health habits, barriers to healthcare access, and the stigmatization of mental illness. Objective. The main aim of this systematic review is to examine the physical comorbidity of these patients, and their health service utilization. Method. The protocol has been registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42020139972) and follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Health Research Premium Collection yielded 317 articles, 57 of which were selected. Results. The mortality rate of people with schizophrenia is often at least twice that of the general population. In addition, these individuals may be susceptible to other physical health conditions that can significantly shorten their lifespan: cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, oncologic diseases, and chronic infections. Complications during hospitalization and prolonged length of stay due to comorbidities may impede their access to essential healthcare. Discussion and conclusion. Enhancing the healthcare system is crucial to providing adequate care for these patients. Adopting positive lifestyle choices, reducing substance dependence, and abstaining from unconventional antipsychotics can bolster their life expectancy. It is therefore crucial to implement intervention strategies while training professionals to detect and manage physical comorbidities associated with this disorder.