Abstract
The driving force of development of intercalation chemistry is significant improvement of properties of fabricated nanocomposites and design of materials with new properties. Forming hybrid structures define important functional characteristics: improved mechanical strength (increase in modulus), enhanced stiffness, heat resistance (decrease in thermal expansion coefficient), heat stability, and other thermal physical properties, water resistance, interesting barrier properties for gas separation, high flame and fire resistance, electric and electrochemical behavior, size stability, chemical stability, different from the simple additive properties. In this chapter physico-chemical peculiarities and intercalation properties of natural and synthetic layered materials of various types are considered. Special attention is paid to the features of polymerization of monomers and assembly of polymers in layers of silicates as well as to formation of nanocomposites by an direct intercalation of polymers from their solutions or melts. The practical value post-intercalation transformations of “guest” molecules in layered lattices of “host” are analysed. The main data on the structure and properties of inclusion nanocomposites (including those of metal chalcogenides) are summarized. The problems and future prospects of such nanosystems are outlined.
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