Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the physical, chemical, and sensory attributes of mango varieties grown under the organic farming. Fruits from ten varieties of mango grown under the organic system in the Chapada Diamantina region, BA, Brazil, were assessed. The following physical and chemical characteristics were assessed: fruit mass, pulp yield, pulp color (L*, C*, and h*), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), total carotenoids, and ascorbic acid. The sensory acceptance test was performed with 50 consumers using the nine-point structured hedonic scale and the attributes acidity, sweetness, and firmness of the pulp were assessed using the just-about-right scale. Differences among the varieties of mango grown under the organic production system were observed for physical, chemical and sensory attributes. The varieties showed a percentage of pulp equal or above 60%, which makes them more suitable for processing. According to the PCA analysis, the characteristics soluble solids, total carotenoids, fruit mass, titratable acidity, h* and L* were considered the most important to differentiate the mango varieties evaluated. Ubá and Beta varieties had the highest levels of SS, while Favo de Mel was characterized by the highest values of TA and L*. The varieties Favo de Mel, Palmer, Surpresa, Juazeiro 2, Imperial and Joa had fruits with higher mass and h* values and the varieties Amrapali and Roxa Embrapa 141 had the highest levels of total carotenoids. Imperial, Palmer, Beta and Joa varieties were the most accepted for all sensory attributes.
Highlights
Demand for food produced under the organic system has been driven by increased consumer awareness and concern for food quality and safety, as well as environmental protection (CARDOSO et al, 2011).The area occupied by organic agriculture between 1999 and 2017 increased from 11 to 69.8 million hectares, with Oceania being the continent with the largest area, accounting for 35.65 million hectares
Worldwide there are over 1000 mango varieties that are grown on an area of 3.7 million hectares, with predominance of the commercial cultivars Tommy Atkins, Haden, Ataulfo, Kent, Keitt, and Alphonso (GENTILE et al, 2019; LAWSON et al, 2019)
Brazil recorded in 2017 a mango production of above one million tons, with the state of Bahia being the largest producer, with 438,000 tons harvested in an area of 23,000 hectares (IBGE, 2019)
Summary
The area occupied by organic agriculture between 1999 and 2017 increased from 11 to 69.8 million hectares, with Oceania being the continent with the largest area, accounting for 35.65 million hectares. In Brazil, there is approximately 1.14 million hectares, which represents only 0.4% of the total agricultural area (FIBL, 2020). Worldwide there are over 1000 mango varieties that are grown on an area of 3.7 million hectares, with predominance of the commercial cultivars Tommy Atkins, Haden, Ataulfo, Kent, Keitt, and Alphonso (GENTILE et al, 2019; LAWSON et al, 2019). Brazil recorded in 2017 a mango production of above one million tons, with the state of Bahia being the largest producer, with 438,000 tons harvested in an area of 23,000 hectares (IBGE, 2019)
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