Abstract
This study aimed to present a standard and normal distribution of Taekwondo athletes’ physical characteristics and physical fitness profiles using a systematic review. A systematic search was conducted using four Korean databases (Research Information Sharing Service, National Digital Science Library, DBpia, and Korean Studies Information Service System). From 2010 to 2020, we reviewed 838 papers on Taekwondo athletes’ physical characteristics and physical fitness factors (e.g., body composition, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, power, agility, balance, speed, and reaction time). Of them, 24 papers were selected and analyzed. The criteria for selecting the physical characteristics and physical fitness factors for data extraction were set to have a total sample size of more than 30 individuals and included two or more studies. The sample size and average and standard deviation of physical characteristics and physical fitness factors were extracted from each selected study. In this study, the estimation error of all variables, except for the eyes-closed single-leg stance (15.71%), was less than 8%. Therefore, it was confirmed that there was no problem with the validity of the estimated values. These results could be used as an essential objective basis for evaluating the physical characteristics and physical fitness profiles of Taekwondo athletes in most countries worldwide and setting training goals.
Highlights
Taekwondo is an international martial arts sport conducted in 210 countries worldwide as an official Olympic sport
It was confirmed that there was no problem with the validity of the estimated values. These results could be used as an essential objective basis for evaluating the physical characteristics and physical fitness profiles of Taekwondo athletes in most countries worldwide and setting training goals
The physical fitness profiles of taekwondo athletes have been well described in the previous studies, no studies have examined the standard distribution of physical fitness [9,10,11]
Summary
Taekwondo is an international martial arts sport conducted in 210 countries worldwide as an official Olympic sport. Athletes use powerful and fast kicks and punches on their opponent’s trunk and sometimes kicks to the face [2] These movements are high-intensity anaerobic or aerobic exercises that induce powerful lower-extremity movements [3]. It is necessary to manage physical fitness factors to improve their performance [7] This can be achieved by accurately evaluating the level of fitness of athletes and setting goals. Suppose there is a basis for the standard distribution of physical fitness profiles necessary for the characteristics of sports events. In this case, it can be used to evaluate athletes’ fitness levels and set training goals. The physical fitness profiles of taekwondo athletes have been well described in the previous studies, no studies have examined the standard distribution of physical fitness [9,10,11]
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