Physical and mechanical properties of natural fiber from Sansevieria trifasciata and Agave sisalana

Abstract

Sansevieria and sisal plants are ornamental plants that are very famous in Indonesia. Both are plants grow easily even though in the area with less water and sunlight. These plants have potential natural fibers that are used as raw material requirements for the fabric textile industry. The aims of this research were to determine physical and mechanical characteristics of sansevieria and sisal for fibers utilization. The mechanical decortication process was used for fiber extraction. The research method used was an experimental laboratory with a descriptive method. Parameters measured were length and diameter of fiber, color, fineness, moisture regain, tensile strength, and stretch strength. The results revealed that sansevieria and sisal fibers have diameter 103,60 μm and 182,50 μm; average length 68,40 cm and 81,60 cm; brightness level (L*) 67,62 and 66,42; yellowness (b*) 20,42 dan 23,80; fineness 6,30 tex and 19,70 tex; moisture regain 11,93 and 12,57 tensile strength per bundle 24,891.60 gf and 35,263.90 gf; stretch strength per bundle 20% and 22,90%. The physical and mechanical characterization showed that sisal fiber had better characteristics than sansevieria fiber. Fibers from these two plants have potential textile material characteristics, which are used as a needle.