Abstract
This study investigated the physical and mechanical properties of six groups of bamboo–wood composites (BWC) made from bamboo and wood wastes, which are produced from the industry processing in Taiwan. Results obtained from non-destructive testing (NDT) indicated that the boards made with 100% bamboo residues (Group B) revealed higher ultrasonic-wave velocity (Vu) and tap tone sound velocity (Vt) than other BWC boards. Both Vu and Vt of composite boards were proportional to the ratio of bamboo residues contains. Three-layer composites made with bamboo/wood/bamboo residues at 1:2:1 ratio (Group B/2W/B) had the highest specific strength as well as modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) among all the composites. B/2W/B composite board had structural characteristics similar to those of medium-density fiberboards (MDF) and particleboards; thus, it might have better compression resistance than other types of boards. B/2W/B composite board also had the highest screw holding strength (SHS); next was the boards composed entirely of woody wastes (Group W). The results obtained from analysis of water absorption rate (WA%) show a positive correlation with porous bamboo contents; meanwhile, wood chips have higher water-absorption swelling rate than bamboo residues. Hence, it showed greater change in thickness swelling coefficient (TS%) and volume swelling coefficient (S%).
Highlights
In Taiwan, the agricultural and forestry wastes can be mainly divided into wastes from “woody plants” and “herbaceous plants”
Physical and mechanical properties of six groups of bamboo–wood composites (BWC) made from domestic wood and bamboo residues after processing were examined using non-destructive testing (NDT)
Results obtained showed that ultrasonic-wave velocity (Vu) and Vt of boards made with 100% bamboo residues (B) were higher than those of BWC boards made with mixed materials or pure materials in layers, while boards made with wood slabs alone (W) had the lowest Vu and Vt
Summary
In Taiwan, the agricultural and forestry wastes can be mainly divided into wastes from “woody plants” and “herbaceous plants”. Literature pointed out that agricultural and forestry waste residues are estimated to be approximately 2 million metric tons per year, including residues produced from bamboo or woody processing [1]. The current status for treating these wastes is incinerated, buried, or used as the boiler burning material directly. Considering the environmental protection and sustainable development issues, the concept of the circular economy is becoming a notable topic. Recycling and reusing the wastes could contribute to reduce the. The utilization rate of raw wood ranges between 30 and 40%, implying that 60–70% of the raw wood would end up as slabs and residues during processing [4].
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