Abstract
A type of almond, called Akbadem, grown in the Aegean region in Turkey were evaluated in terms of several physical and chemicial properties of nut and kernel. The average length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, particle size and surface area of nuts were 39.04±2.94 mm, 23.56±1.88 mm, 15.60±1.15 mm, 26.07±1.19 mm, 24.29±1.75 mm, 5053.05±1100.12 mm 3 and 1565.14±225.63 mm 2 respectively. Corresponding values for kernel were 28.25±1.92 mm, 14.28±1.17 mm, 6.87±0.53 mm, 16.46±1.05 mm, 14.03±0.87 mm, 887.05 ± 167.28 mm 3 and 533.90±65.86 mm 2 respectively. nut shell has a significant impact on the dimensional properties. Dimensional properties were decreased significantly than the almond nut to almonds kernel. The average almond nut shell thickness was determined as 3.35±0.34 mm. Akbadem nut gravimetric properties; thousand seed weight, seed density and bulk density were determined 4950±0.01 g, 1140±0.001 kg/m³ and 375±5.00 kg/m³ respectively. Corresponding values for kernel were determined 1430±0.08 g, 1080±0.003 kg/m³ ve 485±5.00 kg/m³ respectively. Internal efficiency of Akbadem was determined as 30±0.50%. The kernel was determined L -value 59.56±1.98, a -value 5.68±0.79 and b -value 16.74±0.54. kernel shell is quite dark as shown in Hunter color values. Chemical composition of Akbadem kernel; moisture, total oil, total ash, protein, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and palmitholeic acid were 3.57±0.15%, 52.32±1.21%, 3.15±0.01%, 20.57±0.07%, 76.11±1.18%, 17.71±1.14%, 6.14±0.05% and 0.04±0.01%. is seen that fatty acids and the relatively high amount of protein.
Highlights
Dental Almonds (Prunus amygdalis var. dulcis) are members of the family Rosaceae and the fruit is classified as a drupe in which the edible seed or kernel is the commercial product [1]
Almonds originated in the Middle East and have been cultivated for 4000 years [3,4,5,6]
Protein, fat, and ash content of the major almonds maketing in the US as was reported as between 4.35% - 5.86%, 16.42% - 22.17%, 53.59% - 56.05%, and 2.69 - 2.93%, respectively by Sathe [34]
Summary
Dental Almonds (Prunus amygdalis var. dulcis) are members of the family Rosaceae and the fruit is classified as a drupe in which the edible seed or kernel is the commercial product [1]. Almond fruit consists of the hull, shell, and kernel (nut) [6, 8]. Almond cultivation in Turkey is concentrated in the Aegean region [13, 14]. Aegean region in terms of number of trees and almond production takes first place in Turkey. Akbadem variety meets 30% of the production of almonds Aegean region of Turkey [16,17,18]. In addition to kernel characteristics, shell and hull characteristics are important determinants of a variety’s market acceptance. For these reasons, for optimum threshing performance, processes of pneumatic conveying, storing and other processes of almond nut, its physical properties must be known. The physical parameters of different European and Californian almond cultivars are readily measured
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