Abstract
Background: The purposes of the study were to: analyze, by objective (accelerometry) and subjective (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) methodologies, the physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in healthy adults (HEALTHY, n = 30) and individuals with primary hypertension (HTN) and overweight/obesity (n = 218); assess the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep quality in the HTN group; and evaluate the relationship between objectively measured and subjectively reported PA and SB. Methods: The measurements were performed before a 16-week exercise intervention period in both HEALTHY and HTN groups and after the intervention period only in the HTN group, randomized to attention control or exercise training (ExT) subgroups. Results: The HEALTHY group showed more moderate-to-vigorous PA (p < 0.05) and better sleep quality (p < 0.05) than the HTN group, but no difference in SB. After the intervention, HTN participants’ PA and SB, objectively measured by accelerometry, were unchanged, but increased PA and decreased SB (p < 0.05) were observed through IPAQ in ExT. The intervention was effective in improving sleep quality in HTN participants. Conclusions: The differences in moderate-to-vigorous PA and SB may be useful in defining the health profile of a population. The supervised aerobic exercise program was effective in increasing PA, reducing SB, and improving sleep quality in overweight/obese adults with HTN. Accelerometer-measured and self-reported data were not comparable, but complementary.
Highlights
There is clear and unanimous evidence on the benefits of regular physical activity (PA) for several health conditions [1,2], and on the deleterious effects associated with sedentary behavior (SB; i.e., any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure ≤ 1.5 metabolic equivalents, while in a sitting, reclining, or lying posture) and physical inactivity [3].Historically, intervention efforts to counter PA have focused on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) [4]
Previous reports for the EXERDIET-HTA study have already presented the baseline body composition, BP, cardiorespiratory fitness, biochemical profile, and medication intake data of the HEALTHY and HTN groups [40], as well as changes in these variables elicited by the intervention in the HTN group [41,42,43]
It seems clear that the risks associated with SB could be higher among people who are not regularly physically active [3], and that a high level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)
Summary
There is clear and unanimous evidence on the benefits of regular physical activity (PA) for several health conditions [1,2], and on the deleterious effects associated with sedentary behavior (SB; i.e., any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure ≤ 1.5 metabolic equivalents, while in a sitting, reclining, or lying posture) and physical inactivity (i.e., when an individual does not meet the PA recommendations) [3].Historically, intervention efforts to counter PA have focused on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) [4]. Updated international PA and SB guidelines for adults are promoting 150–300 min per week of MVPA and strengthening exercises, and to reduce and interrupt prolonged SB with episodes of light-intensity PA (LPA) [5,6,7]. The purposes of the study were to: analyze, by objective (accelerometry) and subjective (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) methodologies, the physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in healthy adults (HEALTHY, n = 30) and individuals with primary hypertension (HTN) and overweight/obesity (n = 218); assess the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep quality in the HTN group; and evaluate the relationship between objectively measured and subjectively reported. The supervised aerobic exercise program was effective in increasing PA, reducing SB, and improving sleep quality in overweight/obese adults with HTN
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