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Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects nearly 1% of births. As survival rates have dramatically improved, the majority of individuals with CHD now live into adulthood. As these patients age, they become prone to a large range of complications, such as chronic heart failure and acquired cardiovascular disease. Promotion of a healthy and active lifestyle from childhood onwards has been suggested as a sustainable and effective strategy to enhance cardiovascular health, improve quality of life and reduce immediate and long-term risk in people with CHD. Well-established physical activity consensus statements for youth with CHD have now been published. In this article, we review how increasing physical activity in youth with CHD may offer immediate and long-term cardiovascular benefits, what is known about physical activity in children with CHD, describe the unique factors that contribute to achieving sufficient and insufficient physical activity levels and summarize the evidence of trials on physical activity promotion in youth with CHD. Furthermore, we discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed by further research regarding the optimal strategy, timing and format of physical activity intervention programmes in children and adolescents with CHD.ImpactCongenital heart disease (CHD) affects nearly 1% of births, with the majority of individuals with CHD now living into adulthood due to improved survival. As CHD patients age, they become prone to a large range of cardiovascular complications.This article discusses how and why increasing physical activity in youth with CHD may offer immediate and long-term cardiovascular benefits, the barriers to achieving sufficient physical activity levels and the evidence from trials on physical activity promotion in youth with CHD.The optimal strategy, timing and format of physical activity intervention programmes in children and adolescents with CHD are discussed.
Highlights
Major advances in the fields of paediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery over recent decades have dramatically improved the survival of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD)
Chronic heart failure is known to occur in a quarter of Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients by the age of 30 years, with the incidence increasing with age.[2]
The primary purpose of this review is to evaluate the prevalence of physicalactivity in children with CHD, to provide further insight into the unique risk factors of insufficient physical activity (PA) in children with CHD and to summarize the interventions that have been adopted to optimize activity levels in these children to date
Summary
Major advances in the fields of paediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery over recent decades have dramatically improved the survival of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Over 90% of children who are born with CHD are expected to survive into adulthood.[1]. As these patients age, they are prone to long-term complications and comorbidities. CHD patients are at increased risk for acquired cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke, as approximately 80% of all young adults with CHD have at least one cardiovascular risk factor.[3]. These acquired cardiovascular diseases may further interact with arrhythmias or heart failure, worsening morbidity and mortality risk. Care for CHD patients has shifted from managing short-term survival to having the best possible outcome in terms of long-term physical health, development and well-being
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