Abstract
BackgroundFew studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) of low intensity and duration with quality of life (QoL) among individuals at risk or with cardiovascular disease (CVD).ObjectivesTo investigate whether PA of different intensity and duration moderates the relationship between CVD and its risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia) and QoL in adults.MethodsPopulation-based cross-sectional studies using data from the EpiFloripa Cohort Study (Southern Brazil; n = 1,220, 38.8±12.0 years, 48.2% males) and the North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS, South Australia; n = 1,661, 43.7±11.1 years, 49.7% males). The physical and psychological domains of QoL were assessed using the WHOQOL-Bref (EpiFloripa) or the SF-36 (NWAHS) questionnaires. The diagnosis of CVD and its risk factors were self-reported. PA was self-reported and quantified by its intensity [“walking” or moderate/vigorous (MVPA)] and duration (none, 1–150, ≥150 min/week). Both studies were analysed separately, and results were adjusted for sociodemographic variables.ResultsParticipants at risk or with CVD from both studies showed a lower QoL than ‘healthy’ individuals with a stronger relationship for the physical domain. PA duration showed a direct-trend relationship with QoL, but the associations were stronger for MVPA in both studies. However, when stratified by health status, the magnitude of the association between “walking” duration and a higher physical QoL was greater among those at risk or with CVD compared to ‘healthy’ individuals. Conversely, among Australians with CVD, MVPA was associated with a better physical QoL only when its duration was ≥150 min/week. All associations were stronger in the NWAHS than in the Brazilian study.Conclusions“Walking” was more prevalent than MVPA and was consistently associated with a better physical QoL among those at risk or with CVD. These findings should be considered in the design of public health interventions designed to increase PA and improve QoL.
Highlights
Worldwide, the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors have taken centre stage in noncommunicable disease (NCD) policies [1, 2]
This paper investigated the association between CVD and their risk factors with quality of life (QoL) in two population-based cohort studies from Southern Brazil and South Australia
The association with the physical and psychological domains of QoL were more evident for minutes/week of vigorous PA (MVPA) than “walking” time, individuals at risk or with CVD were more likely to practice “walking” than other MVPA, especially in South Australia
Summary
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors have taken centre stage in noncommunicable disease (NCD) policies [1, 2]. The Global Burden of Disease estimates that between 1990 and 2010 the disability-adjusted life-year (DALYs) of CVDs increased by 22.6%, becoming the leading cause of DALYs worldwide [8, 9]. In this scenario, appropriate long-term management of CVD is fundamental for reducing acute events, further complications, and health expenditure, as well for improving life expectancy and quality of life (QoL) [10]. Few studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) of low intensity and duration with quality of life (QoL) among individuals at risk or with cardiovascular disease (CVD)
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