Physical activity levels, mood, and combat-related acquired brain injury: A cross-sectional examination of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom service members

Abstract

A significant number of military service members are returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom with acquired brain injuries, and these injuries have been significantly linked with depression symptomology. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between current levels of participation in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and self-reported depressive symptoms in adults with a combat-related acquired brain injury. The study also examined if differences exist in reported levels of LTPA and depressive symptoms between demographic groups and the perceived psychosocial benefits of participation in LTPA for adults with a combat-related acquired brain injury. A cross-sectional survey design using self-reported measures was used; 33 participants completed the survey. Results indicate that there was no significant correlation between current level of participation in LTPA and self-reported depressive symptoms. A diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder was the only demographic variable significantly correlated with higher self-reported depressive symptoms. Participants ranked “improved mood” as the highest perceived benefit of LTPA and “decreased anxiety” the lowest. Additionally, the perceived benefits of “improved mood,” “decreased anger,” and “increased self-esteem” were significantly correlated with lower levels of self-reported depression.