Physical Activity, HIV, And Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Abstract

The life expectancy for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has increased due predominantly to advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, these drugs in conjunction with the HIV infection and poor lifestyle choices have increased the prevalence of metabolic and anthropomorphic abnormalities that accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of moderate physical activity on CVD risk factors in a group of HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: 114 individuals were randomized to a physical activity group (PA) or non-exercise control group (CON). PA participated in a 6-week program consisting of two weekly 30 minute bouts of moderate intensity physical activity and 30 minute bouts of resistance training. CON attended the research center for the equivalent amount of time and were allowed to read or watch television. A graded exercise stress test and blood analysis was performed before and after the physical activity program for each participant. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare variables within groups, with between group analysis using ANOVA/Tukey post-hoc analysis. RESULTS: Baseline aerobic capacity across groups was approximately 25% below age and gender predicted levels. PA participants showed a 21% increase in aerobic capacity. Baseline blood analysis placed the average triglyceride level in the borderline high range. PA showed a significant reduction in triglycerides (155±70 to 110±30 mg/dl) with no change in the CON participants. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that even moderate doses of physical activity can increase aerobic capacity and reduce serum triglyceride levels. These findings suggest that physical activity can significantly affect important risk factors for CVD in people living with HIV/AIDS.