Physical activity below the minimum international recommendations improves oxidative stress, ADMA levels, resting heart rate and small artery endothelial function

Abstract

BackgroundA moderate level of physical activity (PA), such as a daily 30-min walk, reduces cardiovascular risk. There is a lack of evidence about the cardiovascular benefits of PA below this recommendation of minimum PA level. ObjectiveWe aimed to study the impact of a lower level of PA on cardiovascular health. DesignSixty-four overweight/obese men and women were enrolled in a community programme consisting of 4 months of 1h, low-intensity PA two days per week. Before and after the intervention, PA level (METs/h/wk), endogenous antioxidant status (SOD and GPX concentration and activity and oxidised LDL), ADMA concentrations, endothelial function by small artery reactive hyperaemia index (saRHI), and resting heart rate (RHR) were assessed. ResultsAfter the intervention, significant increases in saRHI (P=0.031), SOD and GPX activities, and a decrease in ADMA plasma concentrations, and RHR (P<0.001 for all) were observed. Increases in PA were positively associated with increases in saRHI (r=0.341, P=0.022), GPx (r=0.303, P=0.047) and decreases in RHR (r=−0.302, P=0.047). Multivariate analyses showed that independent predictors of saRHI improvement were an increase in PA (2.65, 95%CI: 1.21–4.01), decrease in RHR (1.91, 95%CI: 1.01–4.98), and an increase in GPx (2.61, 95%CI: 1.16–5.01). ConclusionIn obese and overweight men and women, an increase in PA, even below the minimal international recommendations, improves antioxidant capacity, RHR and peripheral small artery reactivity.