Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Elderly

Abstract

The aging of the world’s population represents one of the most significant challenges of the twenty-first century. An increase in life expectancy challenges the functional capacity of human beings and is associated with an increase in the incidence and prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases. An important determinant of both is the level of physical activity. In this chapter we will explore the importance of physical activity in elderly men and women defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure. Physical activity can contribute to the enhancement of functional capacity and the prevention of several chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, several types of cancer, metabolic abnormalities, and cognitive and mental health problems. Modern technology allows precise measurements of physical activity in both research and clinical settings. Scientific evidence suggests that the current average level of physical activity (occupational, recreational, etc.) in the general population is not sufficient to result in health benefits. Further, after injury, acute illness, and hospitalization, an increase in the level of physical activity should be part of the rehabilitation process. The promotion of regular physical activity should be a priority from both public health and rehabilitation perspectives.