Abstract
BackgroundRegular physical activity (PA) has health benefits, including reducing the risk of complications during pregnancy. In Ethiopia, little is known about PA status and its determinants among pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to assess PA status and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public and private health facilities in Mekelle, Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was collected from 299 pregnant women using a structured questionnaire. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A binary logistic regression was modeled to investigate the statistical significance of independent variables with PA status during pregnancy. Factors associated with PA status were estimated using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.Results79.3% of the study participants were classified as sedentary. The age group of 26–35 years (AOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.07–6.78), attending non-formal education (AOR: 13.50, 95% CI: 2.65–68.91), and women who did not work outside the home (AOR: 5.23, 95% CI: 1.34–20.38) were significantly associated with a higher risk of sedentary activity status. Pregnant women who were married (AOR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09–0.73), had two children (AOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.59), traveled an hour or more to health facilities (AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11–0.89) were protected from being sedentary.ConclusionSedentary PA status was highly prevalent during pregnancy. Pregnant women in the age group of 26–35 years, with a non-formal education, and women who did not work outside the home had a greater risk of reporting being sedentary. Those who were married, had two children, and traveled an hour or more to health facilities were less likely to be sedentary. Stakeholders (Tigrai regional health bureau, Mekelle University, local NGOs working with pregnant women and societies at large) should give higher emphasis on designing appropriate strategies including educational interventions to overcome barriers to PA during pregnancy.
Highlights
Regular physical activity (PA) has health benefits, including reducing the risk of complications during pregnancy
Two hundred and ninety-nine women participated in this study, 79.3% (237) were classified as sedentary based on results on the adapted Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ)
Of the pregnant women who were surveyed, 262 (87.6%) were married and more than half of the study participants, 168 (56.2%) were women who did not work outside the home
Summary
Regular physical activity (PA) has health benefits, including reducing the risk of complications during pregnancy. Pregnancy is a period in women’s lives characterized by intense physiological, physical and psychological changes in which maternal systems adapt to accommodate the increasing demands of fetal growth and development [5, 6]. These adaptational changes can lead to various pregnancy-induced health problems such as low back pain, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertension, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, urinary incontinence, mental disorders, and maternal obesity [6, 7]. Many women tend to decrease instead of maintain or increase their PA during pregnancy [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]
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