Abstract
The concentration of several biochemical and hematological biomarkers is strongly influenced by a number of preanalytical variables. Several lines of evidence attest that short, middle, and long-term exercise, as well as the relative intensity of physical effort (from mild to strenuous), may influence a broad array of laboratory variables. The amount of extracellular release and clearance from blood of most of these biomarkers is markedly influenced by the biological characteristics of the molecule(s), level of training, type, intensity and duration of exercise, and time of recovery after training. It is hence noteworthy that test results that fall outside the conventional reference ranges in athletes not only may reflect the presence of a given disease, but may frequently mirror an adaptation to regular training or changes that have occurred during and/or following strenuous exercise, and which should be clearly acknowledged to prevent misinterpretation of laboratory data. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update about the most significant changes of some biochemical and hematological biomarkers in response to physical exercise, for appropriate interpretation of these changes in the context of physically active subjects.
Highlights
The concentration of several biochemical and hematological biomarkers is typically assessed for diagnosis of and screening for a large number of human disorders, since their values may contribute to up to 70% of the clinical decision making [1]
The values of some biomarkers in physically active subjects should be cautiously interpreted, since their results may fall outside the conventional reference ranges, reflecting an adaptation to regular training or changes that have occurred during and/or following strenuous exercise, rather than the presence of a given disease
The aim of this narrative review is to describe the implications of physical activity on variability of several biomarkers, and to identify the changes that occur in subjects who undergo regular physical activity or during and/or following strenuous exercise
Summary
The concentration of several biochemical and hematological biomarkers is typically assessed for diagnosis of and screening for a large number of human disorders, since their values may contribute to up to 70% of the clinical decision making [1]. How frequently physical activity as preanalytical variable affects some clinical chemistry, hematology, and coagulation tests will be discussed in this article The aim of this narrative review is to describe the implications of physical activity on variability of several biomarkers, and to identify the changes that occur in subjects who undergo regular physical activity or during and/or following strenuous exercise. Exercise and preanalytical variability briefly address the different types of exercise and the essential influence of physical activity on laboratory testing It will describe the changes induced by physical activity in some biomarkers and hematological parameters conventionally used in clinical practice, to emphasize the concept that, compared with conventional reference ranges, abnormal values in athletes may underlie pathology or injury, and a systemic adaptation to exercise [5]
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