Abstract
Background: The first COVID-19 case in the US was diagnosed late January 2020. In the subsequent months, cases grew exponentially. By March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19) was a global pandemic and the US declared a national emergency. To mitigate transmission, federal guidelines were established for social and physical distancing. These events disrupted daily routines of individuals around the world, including Americans. The impact of the pandemic on PA patterns of Americans is largely unknown, especially among those at greater risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess levels of PA over time during the pandemic among US adults aged >50 years.Methods: Data were collected as part of a web-based, longitudinal, 3-wave study examining health and well-being among adults aged > 50. PA data were collected at Waves 2 and 3 using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). At Wave 2 (conducted mid-May to early June, 2020), participants completed the IPAQ-SF twice, once in reference to a typical 7-day period before the pandemic, and again in reference to the past 7 days. At Wave 3 (conducted mid-June to early July 2020), participants completed the IPAQ-SF once, with reference to the past 7 days. Potential predictors of PA change were collected using items from previously established surveys and included demographic characteristics, pre-pandemic PA levels, perceived COVID-19 threat, self-rated general health, and number of chronic disease conditions.Results: Respondents (N = 589) had a mean age of 63 ± 7.39 years and were mostly female (88%) and non-Hispanic White (96%). Mean MET-min/week across the three time-referents were 2,904 (pre-pandemic), 1,682 (Wave 2 past 7-days), and 2,001 (Wave 3 past 7-days), with PA declining between the first and second time referents (d = −0.45, p < 0.001) and remaining below pre-pandemic levels at the third (d = −0.34, p < 0.001). Changes over time were predicted by pre-pandemic PA and self-rated general health (p's < .05).Conclusions: Effective strategies are needed to promote safe and socially-distanced PA among adults aged >50 years until the risk of contracting COVID-19 subsides. In the post-pandemic era, PA programming will be imperative to address pandemic-associated declines in PA.
Highlights
The first known COVID-19 case in the United States (US) was diagnosed January 20, 2020 [1]
Data were collected as part of the Aging in the Time of COVID-19 Study, a longitudinal, web-based, multi-wave North American survey study examining the influence of the SARSCoV-2 pandemic on the health and well-being of middle-aged and older adults
This trend may suggest that participants were gradually increasing their physical activity (PA) over time as more information became available on how the novel coronavirus is transmitted and effective mitigation strategies
Summary
The first known COVID-19 case in the United States (US) was diagnosed January 20, 2020 [1]. In an effort to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19), mitigation strategies were widely implemented in the US. These strategies included national guidelines for physical and social distancing [3]; state and local municipalities issuing stay at home orders [4, 5]; indefinite closure of many nonessential businesses such as restaurants, shopping malls, gyms, and fitness centers [5]; and many businesses and organizations shifting from in-office work to remote (from home) work [6, 7]. Federal guidelines were established for social and physical distancing These events disrupted daily routines of individuals around the world, including Americans. The aim of this study was to assess levels of PA over time during the pandemic among US adults aged >50 years
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