Physical Activity After a Hip Fracture: Effect of a Multicomponent Home-Based Rehabilitation Program—A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of a yearlong multicomponent rehabilitation program on the level of physical activity (PA) and the maintenance of the level of PA over 1-year follow-up among older people recovering from a recent hip fracture. DesignSecondary analysis of a randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial. SettingHome-based rehabilitation; measurements in university laboratory. ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling people (N=81) aged ≥60 years recovering from a hip fracture. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (n=40) or a control (n=41) group, on average, 42±23 days after discharge from the hospital. InterventionA yearlong intervention included evaluation and modification of environmental hazards, guidance for safe walking, nonpharmacologic pain management, a progressive home exercise program, PA counseling, and standard care. Main Outcome MeasuresThe outcome was the level of PA, which was assessed with the questionnaire (a modified Grimby scale) at baseline, and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after baseline. Three PA categories were defined: inactivity, light PA, and moderate to heavy PA. Physical function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) at baseline. The effects of the intervention were analyzed with generalized estimating equations. ResultsIn the intervention group, a significant increase was observed in the level of PA after the intervention (interaction P=.005) and after 1-year follow-up (P=.021) compared with the standard care only. The benefit was particularly evident among the participants with a baseline SPPB score of ≥7 (interaction P<.001). ConclusionsThe 12-month individualized multicomponent rehabilitation program increased PA among older patients with hip fracture. The increase was found to be maintained at the 1-year follow-up.