Abstract
To find new natural remedies in diabetes, this study investigated the biological activity of two extracts obtained from the fruits (PhyF) and herba (PhyH) of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii L. on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to normo- and hyperglycemic conditions. The biological effect was quantified by malondialdehyde, IL-31 and IL-33 levels in correlation with physico-chemical characterization and antioxidant activity. Additionally, from PhyP extract, the caspase-3, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear transcription factor NFkB expressions were evaluated. HPLC analysis revealed a significant number of phenolic compounds, especially in PhyF extract, with a good antioxidant activity as highlighted by TEAC, CUPRAC or DPPH methods. On HUVECS cells, the extracts were not toxic even at high concentrations. Particularly PhyF extract, diminished lipid peroxidation and inhibited the IL-31 and IL-33 secretions induced by hyperglycemia. The inhibitory effect on proinflammatory cytokines was noticed after both doses of PhyF extract in parallel with the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Moreover, PhyF, especially in a low dose, reduced caspase-3 active form. These experimental findings suggest that Physalis fruits extract exerted beneficial effects in hyperglycemia by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis being a good adjuvant option in diabetes.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus (DZ) is one of the four major non-communicable diseases and the third risk factor for premature mortality [1]
The results indicate a high concentration of gallic acid (32.697 ± 0.97 mg/kg) and rutin (14.505 ± 0.32 mg/kg) in fruits compared to the herba (Table 1)
We bring important knowledge regarding the interaction of endothelial cells, hyperglycemia and two doses of Physalis puree extracts and quercetin, in order to simulate the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the endothelial dysfunction in hyperglycemia
Summary
According to the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus (DZ) is one of the four major non-communicable diseases and the third risk factor for premature mortality [1]. Diabetes is induced by the disorder of pancreatic insulin secretion or by the resistance of peripheral cells to the insulin action. The results of impaired insulin effect are hyperglycemia and imbalance of metabolism, which lead to hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress [2,3]. The high levels of blood glucose during a lengthy and insufficient treatment cause various complications related to endothelial dysfunction such as retinopathy, kidney failure, neuropathies and macrovascular disease [4]. Besides lipotoxicity [5,6], local inflammation occurs, with the secretion of TNF-α by adipocytes and macrophages attracted to adipose tissue and insulin resistance [7]
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