Abstract
A detailed phylogenetic analysis of the taxon Paralaophontodes Lang (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontodinae Lang) based on morphological characters is presented. The monophylum Paralaophontodes is supported by 16 unambiguous autapomorphies such as the presence of characteristic dorsal processes on cephalothorax and body somites, a 5-segmented male antennule, the loss of the syncoxal seta on the maxilliped, and the endopodal strengthening of the first swimming leg. The corresponding extensive phylogenetic evaluation includes the description of Paralaophontodes anjae sp. n. from a beach on Chiloé Island (Chile), the re-description of Laophontodes armatus Lang, and the re-establishment of Paralaophontodes robustus (Bŏzić), the displacement of Laophontodes armatus, L. hedgpethi Lang and L. psammophilus Soyer to Paralaophontodes, a discussion on relationships within that taxon, remarks on its geographical distribution, and a key to the species.
Highlights
Lang (1936) erroneously synonymized Laophonte echinata Willey, 1930
Obvious differences between L. echinata and L. armatus were according to Lang (1936) due to misinterpretations by Willey (1930)
One male and one CI copepodid was sampled by the author on June 29th, 2008 at the port of Golfito (Pacific coast of Costa Rica)
Summary
Lang (1936) erroneously synonymized Laophonte echinata Willey, 1930 1905) with Laophontodes armatus Lang, 1936 (Laophontodinae Lang, 1944 in the paraphylum Ancorabolidae Sars, 1909), owing to peculiar shared derived features such as two lateral extensions and moderately long hairy elements mid-dorsally on the cephalothorax, and a particular dorsal armature of the body somites (Lang 1936). Obvious differences between L. echinata and L. armatus were according to Lang (1936) due to misinterpretations by Willey (1930). Laophontodinae, relocating L. echinata into the new genus as Paralaophontodes echinatus (Willey, 1930) while retaining L. armatus within Laophontodes T.
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