Abstract
Abstract Lophiosilurus is a monotypic genus represented by L. alexandri, a species endemic to the São Francisco river basin, Brazil. In previous phylogenetic analyses, the genus has been recovered as the sister group of Cephalosilurus. However, few species of Cephalosilurus or few characters were included in those studies. Thus, the current study aims to test the monophyletic hypothesis of the genera Lophiosilurus and Cephalosilurus with a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, including all Cephalosilurus species and a representative number of characters. Phylogenetic analyses of 18 terminal taxa (15 ingroups and three outgroups) were conducted based on a combined 75 character matrix, including 70 discrete morphological characters concerning osteology and neuroanatomy, four continuous characters, and the geometric morphometry of the head. The monophyly of the family Pseudopimelodidae was highly supported, and Cephalosilurus is synonymized with Lophiosilurus. The recovered phylogeny of the genus was (L. albomarginatus (L. nigricaudus (L. apurensis (L. fowleri, L. alexandri)))).
Highlights
Lophiosilurus Steindachner, 1876 is one of the seven genera of Pseudopimelodidae Fernández-Yépez, Antón, 1966, a catfish family endemic to South America, which comprises 53 valid species (Fricke et al, 2021). This is a small family in species number, it has a wide geographic distribution, occurring in drainages west of the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador, the Maracaibo basin, coastal rivers of Guianas and eastern Brazil, and the Orinoco, Amazonas, Araguaia-Tocantins, São Francisco, and La Plata (Paraná, Paraguay, Uruguay) river basins (Shibatta, 2003a; Shibatta, van der Sleen, 2018)
In Brazil, it is popularly known as pacamão or pacamã, and internationally, among aquarists, as the Pacman catfish (Chang, 2013)
We present a phylogenetic analysis, including all species of Cephalosilurus and Lophiosilurus alexandri, integrating discrete and continuous morphological characters derived from osteology, neuroanatomy, gas bladder morphology, morphometrics, counts, and head shape data
Summary
Lophiosilurus Steindachner, 1876 is one of the seven genera of Pseudopimelodidae Fernández-Yépez, Antón, 1966, a catfish family endemic to South America, which comprises 53 valid species (Fricke et al, 2021). This is a small family in species number, it has a wide geographic distribution, occurring in drainages west of the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador, the Maracaibo basin, coastal rivers of Guianas and eastern Brazil, and the Orinoco, Amazonas, Araguaia-Tocantins, São Francisco, and La Plata (Paraná, Paraguay, Uruguay) river basins (Shibatta, 2003a; Shibatta, van der Sleen, 2018). In Brazil, it is popularly known as pacamão or pacamã, and internationally, among aquarists, as the Pacman catfish (Chang, 2013)
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