Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Blood Group antigens. A study by Polychromatic Tissue Immunofluorescence of ABH and Related Antigens

Abstract

ABH antigens can be built on six different precursor chains: Type 1 ßGal(1→3)ßGlcNAc-R Type 2 ßGal(1→4)ßGlcNAc-R Type 3 ßGal(1→3)aGalNAc-R Type 4 ßGal(1→3)ßGalNAc-R Type 5 ßGal(1→3)ßGal-R Type 6 ßGal(1→4)ßGlc-R Each of these chains can be transformed into the different monofueosylated and difucosylated A, B or H structures, by addition of terminal fucose, galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues (Oriol et al. 1986). Addition of these sugars is performed by the products of specific genes which work at three different levels (Table 1). At the first level, addition of fucose to subterminal N-acetylglucosamine, by products of the Lewis or X genes, produces the monofucosylated Lea or X antigens on type 1 or type 2 chains respectively. At the second level, addition of another fucose, α(1→2) linked to terminal galactose of any of the six precursors, makes the monofucosylated H antigens. Addition of both fucose residues, at levels 1 and 2, makes the difucosylated Leb or Y structures. Finally, at the 3rd level, addition of N-acetylgalactosamine or galactose in α(1→3) to any of the H structures makes the A or B antigenic determinantsKeywordsBlood GroupPrimary Sensory NeuronDistal Convoluted TubuleProximal Convoluted TubuleBlood Group AntigenThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.