Phylogeny and New Classification of Hydrothermal Vent and Seep Shrimps of the Family Alvinocarididae (Decapoda).

Alexander L Vereshchaka,Anastasia A Lunina,Dmitry N Kulagin,Andreas Hejnol

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129975

Alexander L Vereshchaka, Anastasia A Lunina + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129975

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Abstract

The paper addresses the phylogeny and classification of the hydrothermal vent shrimp family Alvinocarididae. Two morphological cladistic analyses were carried out, which use all 31 recognized species of Alvinocarididae as terminal taxa. As outgroups, two species were included, both representing major caridean clades: Acanthephyra purpurea (Acanthephyridae) and Alpheus echiurophilus (Alpheidae). For additional support of the clades we utilised available data on mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase I gene (CO1) and 16S ribosomal markers. Both morphological and molecular methods resulted in similar tree topologies and nearly identical clades. We consider these clades as evolutionary units and thus erect two new subfamilies: Rimicaridinae (Alvinocaridinides, Manuscaris, Opaepele, Shinkaicaris, Rimicaris), Alvinocaridinae (Alvinocaris), whilst recognising Mirocaridinae (with genera Mirocaris and Nautilocaris) at subfamily level. One genus, Keldyshicaris could not be assigned to any subfamily and is thus left as incertae sedis. The monophyly of Alvinocardinae was supported by morphological data, but not supported by molecular data (two analyses); the monophyly of all subfamilies was supported both by morphological and molecular data. Chorocaris is herein synonymized with Rimicaris, whilst Opaepele vavilovi is herein transferred to a new genus Keldyshicaris. Morphological trends within Alvinocarididae are discussed and short biogeographical remarks are given. We provide emended diagnoses for all subfamilies and genera along with keys to all recognized species.

Highlights

Shrimps of the family Alvinocarididae inhabit deep-sea cold-seeps and hydrothermal vent areas around the world, and have been found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans [1] within the depth range of 252 to 4960 m [2–3]
Most species of the family occur at hydrothermal vents, but a few are found in cold-seep areas [3]; one species, Alvinocaris longirostris, has been reported from both vents and seeps [4–7]
Missing data indicated by question marks (?); inapplicable data by hyphens (-); polymorphism indicated by brackets [01] doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129975.t003

Summary

Introduction

Shrimps of the family Alvinocarididae inhabit deep-sea cold-seeps and hydrothermal vent areas around the world, and have been found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans [1] within the depth range of 252 to 4960 m [2–3]. Most species of the family occur at hydrothermal vents, but a few are found in cold-seep areas [3]; one species, Alvinocaris longirostris, has been reported from both vents and seeps [4–7]. Phylogeny and New Classification of Alvinocarididae a new genus, Rimicaris from the hydrothermal vent field TAG [9]. One of these species was subsequently transferred to a new genus Chorocaris in 1990 [10]. In the middle of the 1990s, Russian and American scientists described two further genera Opaepele [11] and Mirocaris [12]; whilst more recently the genera Nautilocaris, Shinkaicaris, and Alvinocaridinides were described by Japanese and French researchers [2], [13], [14]

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