Abstract
Eleven species of lichens of the genus Sticta, ten of which were collected in Colombia (S. pseudosylvatica S. luteocyphellata S. cf. andina S. cf. hypoglabra, S. cordillerana, S. cf. gyalocarpa S. leucoblepharis, S. parahumboldtii S. impressula, S. ocaniensis) and one collected in Chile (S. lineariloba), were analyzed for the first time using hyphenated liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. In the metabolomic analysis, a total of 189 peaks were tentatively detected; the analyses were divided in five (5) groups of compounds comprising lipids, small phenolic compounds, saturated acids, terpenes, and typical phenolic lichen compounds such as depsides, depsidones and anthraquinones. The metabolome profiles of these eleven species are important since some compounds were identified as chemical markers for the fast identification of Sticta lichens for the first time. Finally, the usefulness of chemical compounds in comparison to traditional morphological traits to the study of ancestor–descendant relationships in the genus was assessed. Chemical and morphological consensus trees were not consistent with each other and recovered different relationships between taxa.
Highlights
Lichens constitute a mutualistic symbiosis with green algae and/or cyanobacteria [1], and in some cases present a tripartite symbiosis between different mycobionts and photobionts known as photosymbiodemas [2,3,4]
Based on the quantity and variety of chemical compounds found in the studied specimens, we complemented the chemical characterization with a maximum parsimony Metabolites 2a0n22a, 1l2y, xsiFsORbPaEsEeRdREoVnIEWthe hypothesis that phytochemical compounds in lichens may3 sohf 1o9w a phylogenetic signal, proving utility for chemotaxonomy
The metabolome profile of eleven species of Sticta lichens are reported for the first time
Summary
Lichens constitute a mutualistic symbiosis with green algae and/or cyanobacteria [1], and in some cases present a tripartite symbiosis between different mycobionts and photobionts known as photosymbiodemas [2,3,4]. The Q-Exactive Focus is a hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometer used to detect and quantify small organic compounds via high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry This machine combines UHPLC-PDA (ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array) with an orbitrap, a quadrupole (Q) and a high-resolution collision cell (HRCD), which allows for high resolution diagnostic untargeted metabolomics and accurate determination of fragments [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. Based on the quantity and variety of chemical compounds found in the studied specimens, we complemented the chemical characterization with a maximum parsimony Metabolites 2a0n22a, 1l2y, xsiFsORbPaEsEeRdREoVnIEWthe hypothesis that phytochemical compounds in lichens may sohf 1o9w a phylogenetic signal, proving utility for chemotaxonomy
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