Abstract
Superior rice varieties tend to be highly adopted by farmers across the country. Over time, samples of a variety coming from different places may exhibit some differences. Morphological descriptors are traditionally used to determine these differences however; these descriptors are limited in number and suffer from drawbacks such as influence of environment on trait expression and could not differentiate morphologically identical varieties. The highly reproducible molecular marker assay offers a powerful alternative to establish true identity and discriminate morphologically identical varieties. A study was conducted to determine the identity of several rice varieties based on DNA fingerprinting using genome-wide SSR markers. Samples of NSIC Rc240 from four sources, Aromatic Rice from three sources, and IR64 from two sources, were included in the study. Genetic similarity was calculated as proportion of shared alleles and cluster analysis was conducted using UPGMA. Results showed that the genetic similarity of three NSIC Rc240 samples was 1.0 confirming that these three samples were 100% genetically similar with each other while a fourth NSIC Rc240 sample from another source was only 89% similar to the other three. On the other hand, the three Aromatic Rice samples formed separate clusters at a range of 71-80% similarity. Lastly, a farmer’s “improved” IR64 was only 59.5% similar to the original IR64. The observed divergence of samples with the same names in the study could be a result of further selection, gene flow, drift, admixture, or a combination of these mechanisms. This study underscores the importance of DNA fingerprinting analysis in variety identification, variation arising from selection and possible protection biopiracy.
Highlights
Variety identification is an important aspect of the agriculture sector
These morphological descriptors suffer from many drawbacks such as influence of environment on trait expression, epistatic interactions, pleiotropic effects etc. the scarcity of sufficient number of these descriptors for unequivocal identification of increasing number of reference collection of varieties enforces to look for alternatives
The application of DNA fingerprinting in elucidating variation and similarity of different popular rice in the Philippines could lead in a strong mechanism for variety protection and identification
Summary
The superiority of a variety over other available varieties in the market is mark through its proper identification. The name of the variety is accompanied by several rigorous processes that assure its uniqueness. This system could be summed up with the distinctness, uniformity and stability testing (DUST). If the mislabeled are almost similar to the original variety, farmers would spend ample time until harvest time before he could notice the discrepancy. Morphological descriptors are routinely used for establishing the identity of varieties. These morphological descriptors suffer from many drawbacks such as influence of environment on trait expression, epistatic interactions, pleiotropic effects etc. Electrophoresis of seed proteins and isozyme analysis has overcome these limitations to some extent but many powerful DNA based techniques are available [1]
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