Phylogenetic Signal in the Wing Shape in the Subfamily Dolichopodinae (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)

Abstract

Interspecific and sex-related variations in the wing shape of 22 species of the fly subfamily Dolichopodinae, family Dolichopodidae were analyzed using geometric morphometrics. Mapping morphometric traits onto phylogeny revealed a clear phylogenetic signal in the interspecific variation and sexual dimorphism of wing shape. In some cases, not too closely related species occupied the same portion of the morphometric space, indicating some degree of homoplasy. Interspecific variation was associated with an increased wing area due to both elongation and widening or only elongation of the wing. An increase in wing area was accompanied by extension of the posterior crossvein to the apical part of the wing. The variation in wing shape related to sexual dimorphism involved the same structures (the posterior crossvein and the apical part of CuA1), but variation associated with sexual dimorphism was distributed in fewer dimensions than interspecific variation. The allometric component of sexual dimorphism varied between species, and in most cases it was not the leading factor in wing shape variability.