Abstract
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can convert insoluble form of phosphorous to an available form. Applications of PSB as inoculants increase the phosphorus uptake by plant in the field. In this study, isolation and precise identification of PSB were carried out in Malaysian (Serdang) oil palm field (University Putra Malaysia). Identification and phylogenetic analysis of 8 better isolates were carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in which as a result five isolates belong to the Beta subdivision of Proteobacteria, one isolate was related to the Gama subdivision of Proteobacteria, and two isolates were related to the Firmicutes. Bacterial isolates of 6upmr, 2upmr, 19upmnr, 10upmr, and 24upmr were identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. Also, bacterial isolates of 20upmnr and 17upmnr were identified as Bacillus cereus and Vagococcus carniphilus, respectively, and bacterial isolates of 31upmr were identified as Serratia plymuthica. Molecular identification and characterization of oil palm strains as the specific phosphate solubilizer can reduce the time and cost of producing effective inoculate (biofertilizer) in an oil palm field.
Highlights
Phosphorus is the least available essential nutrients where its concentrations are less than many other nutrients in soil
The primer amplified the gene successfully from all of the phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates, there were no obvious variations in the size of rRNA gene products between the eight bacterial isolates
The 16S rRNA gene sequence of phosphates solubilizing bacteria that was isolated from oil palm soil was compared with Genbank and received the accession numbers (Table 2)
Summary
Phosphorus is the least available essential nutrients where its concentrations are less than many other nutrients in soil. Since available phosphorus seldom exceeds 10 μM in soil, the lack of that is common in most soil [1, 2]. Available inorganic P in soil solution is 2 μM and it is several orders of size lower than that in plant tissues (5–20 mM). Twenty to eighty percent of phosphate in soil is in organic form [3]; it should be mineralized into inorganic form before it becomes available for plant up-taking. Several bacterial and fungal species were reported as phosphate solubilizer in crops and some of them were used as biofertilizers in agricultural fields [1]
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