Abstract
Xylodon (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is the largest segregate genus of Hyphodontia s.l. Based on molecular and morphological data, 77 species are accepted in Xylodon to date. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S sequences, including 38 new ITS and 20 28S sequences of Xylodon species, revealed four species new to science. The new taxa X.exilis, X.filicinus, X.follis and X.pseudolanatus from Taiwan, Nepal, Réunion, Belize, and USA are described and illustrated. In addition, species concepts for Odontiavesiculosa from New Zealand and Xylodonlanatus from U.S.A. are revised and the new name X.vesiculosus is proposed. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region placed X.spathulatus, X.bubalinus and X.chinensis in a strongly supported clade and demonstrated that they are conspecific. Palifer and Odontiopsis are synonymised under Xylodon based on morphological and sequence data. The following new combinations are proposed: X.erikssonii, X.gamundiae, X.hjortstamii, X.hyphodontinus, X.septocystidiatus and X.verecundus. Line drawings of X.cystidiatus, X.hyphodontinus, X.lanatus and X.vesiculosus, as well as photographs of X.raduloides basidiomata, are provided. A key to X.lanatus and similar species is presented.
Highlights
The corticioid fungal genus Xylodon (Pers.) Gray, based on the generic type X. quercinus (Pers.) Gray, was described in 1801 by Persoon as Sistotrema sect
The partial deletion of gapped positions resulted in 463 positions that were used in the Minimum Evolution (ME) phylogenetic analysis
The GTR + G model was used as DNA substitution model for ITS1 and ITS2 and SYM + I for 5.8S in the Bayesian inference (BI) analysis
Summary
The corticioid fungal genus Xylodon (Pers.) Gray, based on the generic type X. quercinus (Pers.) Gray, was described in 1801 by Persoon as Sistotrema sect. Xylodon and belongs in the Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota). Species of Xylodon were usually placed in Hyphodontia J. Until Hjortstam and Ryvarden (2002, 2009) reorganised Hyphodontia s.l. into different genera based on morphological features. The most recent generic description of Xylodon was published by Riebesehl and Langer (2017). The hymenophore in Xylodon is odontioid or poroid with many different cystidia types and basidiospore shapes
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