Abstract
AbstractDufouriini are a worldwide distributed tachinid tribe comprised of 51 species in 13 genera, made up of parasitoids of adult Coleoptera. The systematic positioning of Dufouriini has been controversial. Currently, it is placed within Dexiinae, but was previously placed in Phasiinae and Voriinae, and has even had the status of subfamily. Delimitation and composition of Dufouriini has also been debated, whether it is a single tribe or divided into two (Dufouriini and Freraeini) or three (Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini) tribes. Herein, we present the first phylogenetic analysis of Dufouriini based on total evidence using morphological data from adult and immature stages. The taxonomic sampling included all genera in Dufouriini (including Oestrophasiini) and also the genus belonging to Freraeini, a historically related tribe. Data matrix comprised 35 species and 22 genera in the ingroup, and 185 characters constructed from eggs, first instar larvae, puparia and adults, including female and male terminalia and spermathecae. The phylogenetic analysis recovered Dexiinae as paraphyletic in relation to Phasiinae, since the clade (Freraeini (Dufouriini + Oestrophasiini)) is more closely related to Phasiinae than Dexiinae. Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini are recovered as separate monophyletic tribes, strongly supported by a number of synapomorphies. Oestrophasiini is revalidated. A new synonymy is proposed:ComyopsisTownsendsyn. nov.ofEbeniaMacquart. Accordingly,Ebenia fumata(Townsend, 1919) isnomen preoccupatumbyEbenia fumata(Wulp, 1891), thus we change its specific epithet by designation of the new replacement nameEbenia neofumataSantis and Nihei [nomen novum]. The generaMesnilanaandRhinophoroidesare removed from Dufouriini and tentatively placed into Palpostomatini. Finally,Cenosomastat. rev., previously a subgenus ofOestrophasia, is revalidated as genus.
Highlights
Tachinidae is one of the largest Diptera families, with 8547 described species worldwide (O’Hara et al 2020)
We examined a large number of morphological characters from adult and immature stages
The present study carried out a holomorphological phylogenetic analysis based on total evidence of morphological characters from eggs, puparium, larvae and adults
Summary
Tachinidae is one of the largest Diptera families, with 8547 described species worldwide (O’Hara et al 2020). While the subfamily Phasiinae was recovered as monophyletic, Dexiinae, Exoristinae and Tachininae were recovered as paraphyletic. In the comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Tachinidae by Stireman et al (2019), Phasiinae, Exoristinae and Dexiinae were recovered as monophyletic and Tachininae as paraphyletic
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