Phylogenetic analysis of Gayo and Toraya buffalo breed of Indonesian through mitochondrial D-loop region

Abstract

The objective of this research was to find the basic data on genetic diversity of DNA D-Loop on Gayo and Toraya buffalo breed and its association with 6 local buffalo (Aceh, Sumut, Riau, Banten, Jateng, NTB, Sulsel). To the best of our knowledge this is the first published data on the complete mitochondrial D-Loop sequence of Gayo and Toraya buffalo. There were 83 samples of DNA which had been sequence; i.e. 45 from Gayo, 5 from Simeulue, 3 from Aceh Besar, Sumut and Riau, 4 from Banten, Jateng, NTB and Sulsel, 8 from Toraya. Results show that Toraya buffalo have a specific haplotype, while gayo buffalo have a closer relationship to Sumut buffalo. The total nucleotide sequenced of Gayo and Toraya buffalo and 6 local buffalo was 317 bp. The genetic distance ranges among Gayo buffalo, Riau, Jateng, Sulsel, NTB (0.010), Gayo buffalo-Sumut buffalo (0.016), and Gayo buffalo-Toraya buffalo (0.023). D-Loop mtDNA analyses showed that most of Gayo buffalo form a haplotype together with six other local buffalo populations, while the Toraya buffalo (striped buffalo) population forms one haplotype that is separate from the entire local Indonesian buffalo population. These finding could be assumed that the Toraya buffalo (striped buffalo) originating from Enrekang forms a specific haplotype which identifies that the Toraya buffalo (striped buffalo) originating from Enrekang is animal genetic resource of native livestock that must be preserved.