Abstract
ABSTRACT The first record of Phyllanthus chacoensis for the Brazilian Amazon is presented, based on a specimen from Rondônia state. The species can be recognized by its cauliflorous inflorescence, staminate and pistillate flowers with 4 sepals, devoid of a floral disk, 4 stamens, 2-carpellary ovary, drupaceous, ellipsoidal fruits, with one seed per locule. The species was previously known only from the central-western and northeastern regions of the Caatinga and Pantanal domains in Brazil. We provide a list of synonyms, a detailed description, an updated geographic distribution map in Brazil, data on habitat and conservation status, illustrations of its reproductive characters, and detailed photographs. We also propose a lectotype for the species.
Highlights
The Amazonian lowland rainforest is home to almost 190 plant families, of which Phyllanthaceae is represented by 55 species from eight genera (Amanoa Aubl., Chonocentrum Pierre ex Pax & K.Hoffm., Didymocistus Klotzsch, Hyeronima Allemão, Jablonskia G.L.Webster, Margaritaria L.f., Phyllanthus L., and Richeria Vahl) (Cardoso et al 2017; Flora do Brasil 2020 [under construction])
We identified the collection as P. chacoensis, representing a new record for the Amazonian flora
Specimens of Phyllanthus chacoensis deposited in collections at the INPA, NY and RB herbaria were identified based on the types stored at CORD, F, G, GH, K, MICH, MO, MPU, NDG, NY, P, PH, UC and US and compared with information published by Silva and Sales (2007, 2008) and Melo et al (2013)
Summary
The Amazonian lowland rainforest is home to almost 190 plant families, of which Phyllanthaceae is represented by 55 species from eight genera (Amanoa Aubl., Chonocentrum Pierre ex Pax & K.Hoffm., Didymocistus Klotzsch, Hyeronima Allemão, Jablonskia G.L.Webster, Margaritaria L.f., Phyllanthus L., and Richeria Vahl) (Cardoso et al 2017; Flora do Brasil 2020 [under construction]). Phyllanthus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with 880 species globally, of which over 200 occur in the Neotropics; 90 to 110 species have been recorded for Brazil in all vegetation types (Webster 2002; Kathriarachchi et al 2006; Silva and Sales 2007; Bouman et al 2018; Flora do Brasil 2020 [under construction]). The floristic knowledge of the Amazon basin is even more precarious, as pointed out by Hopkins (2005) and Ter Steege et al (2013) and, the diversity of Phyllanthus in the region is probably underestimated, as exemplified here with the recognition of a new record of a CITE AS: Mendes, J.C.R.; Secco, R.S.; Athiê-Souza, S.M.; Sales, M.F. 2021.
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