Abstract
With the disorderly increase in global environmental problems, the cultivation of aquatic organisms is a promising path for sustainable food production. The quality of water, both at the entrance and exit of the production of aquatic animals, needs to be maintained following the parameters specified by local legislation. This study aimed to investigate the removal of contaminants from fish farming wastewater associated with the production of freshwater microalgae biomass. Six completely randomized treatments were used in triplicate: with the addition of microalgae C. sorokiniana in fish farm wastewater (W+Cs), the addition of C. sorokiniana in wastewater enriched with NPK fertilizing (W+F+Cs) or sugarcane vinasse (W+V+Cs), only wastewater (W), wastewater supplemented with fertilizer (W+F) or vinasse (W+V). The wastewater was used in natura to allow the development of autochthonous microalgae. The microalgae C. sorokiniana grew rapidly in effluents enriched with NPK and vinasse. After 28 days of bioassay, the concentrations of several contaminants in the water were reduced: zinc (20 to 88%), lead (5 to 83%), aluminum (56 to 75%), manganese (56 to 72%), cadmium (9 to 52%), calcium (16 to 24%) and magnesium (12 to 33%). Our results indicated that the production of microalgae biomass can be integrated with the treatment of fish farming effluents to reduce the environmental burden and increase the economic bonus for adopting a sustainable production method. However, our results also indicated the importance of introducing a microalgae strain with high productive performance and supplementing the wastewater to obtain rapid biomass.
Highlights
Fish farming is economically important and has been growing at a notably higher rate than other rural industries
The bioassay design was completely randomized, containing six treatments in triplicate, totaling 18 experimental units: treatments with the addition of microalgae C. sorokiniana only in wastewater (W+Cs), the addition of microalgae C. sorokiniana in fish farm wastewater supplemented with NPK chemical fertilizer (W+F+Cs) or vinasse (W+V+Cs), only autochthonous microalgae grown in fish farm wastewater (W), only autochthonous microalgae grown in fish farm wastewater supplemented with NPK chemical fertilizer (W+F) or vinasse (W+V)
The cell duplication rate of microalgae of the group composed of Chlorella species was significantly higher in treatments with fish farm wastewater supplemented with chemical fertilizer NPK and sugarcane vinasse (F5,16= 343,12 p
Summary
Fish farming is economically important and has been growing at a notably higher rate than other rural industries. Organization of the United Nations), fish accounts for 20% of the total animal protein consumed worldwide 2013-2015), and in 2016 global fish production was 171 million tonnes (FAO, 2018). With the escalation of global environmental issues, the farming of aquatic organisms is a promising avenue for sustainable food production. Fish farming, like any other activity in the productive sector, needs to be sustainable, which requires complete overall knowledge of associated processes and adopting practices to remedy and/or minimize the potential negative impacts of production on the environment (Ballester-Moltó, Sanchez-Jerez, Cerezo-Valverde & Aguado- Giménez, 2017). The quality of water used in the production of aquatic animals needs to be maintained according to parameters specified by the local legislation. It is necessary that the quality of the effluent generated by productive systems is high to minimize harmfully affecting receiving water bodies
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