Abstract
The aim of this article is to present selected aspects of using some various idioms in texts of Polish and German press. Within the theoretical framework the following aspects are discussed: the constitutive features of idioms, their potential to build some texts, as well as appearing in particular texts. The analysis of press texts in both languages showed that idioms are a common link of expression and their adaptation and implementation are varied. Besides using canonical forms there are numerous idiom innovations involving the reduction, substitution and expansion in idiom components and breaking the phraseological structure, which results that they become a constitutive element of the text. What is important, all manipulations including actualization of form and meaning of the phraseological units are used for the purpose of text. They are not seen as a special use of lexical units but as typical treatments used in press, both in Polish and German. The article also discusses the features of idioms in press text.
Highlights
The aim of this article is to present selected aspects of using some various idioms in texts of Polish and German press
The analysis of press texts in both languages showed that idioms are a common link of expression
which results that they become a constitutive element of the text
Summary
Wotjak (1992: 3) hebt zu Recht hervor, dass Phraseologismen als systemhaft relativ stabile, polylexikale Einheiten durch – neben den oben erwähnten Merkmalen – "eine hohe, in der Rede aktualisierbare textbildende (kreative Verknüpfungs-, Assoziations- und Modifikations-) Potenz, ein sehr reiches kommunikatives Potential" gekennzeichnet sind. Dieses Potenzial ergibt sich daraus, dass es sich bei den Phraseologismen zwar um feste formal-semantische ganzheitliche Einheiten mehrgliedrigen Charakters handelt, die aber für den jeweiligen Kontext und je nach kommunikativer Situation ihre Merkmale aufheben können und vielfältige Möglichkeiten der textuellen Aktualisierung bieten. Wotjak (1992: 99) verweist dabei auf die Dialektik des Begriffs bei Dobrovol'skij (1980), dessen Bedeutung darin besteht, dass er gerade den systembezogenen, den kommunikativen und den textuellen Aspekt verbindet Dobrovol'skij (1980: 691) definiert die textbildenden Potenzen als ein Resultat der Abstraktion, die aus der Analyse konkreter Texte und der Untersuchung der systemsprachlichen Spezifika der Phraseologismen gewonnen wird. 11 Als Beispiele dienen hier die textkonstitutiven Mechanismen wie Rahmenbildung, Juxtaposition, Spreizstellung, Extension und Phraseoschablonen bei Palm (1995: 66-68) oder formale Modifikationen der Abtrennung und Koordinierung
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