Abstract
In the last years global warming and energy policies have become a hot topic on the international agenda. Developed countries are trying to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy is going to be a main substitute for fossil fuels in the coming years for its clean and renewable nature. Egypt has a very high potential of incident solar radiation that could be used efficiently as an alternate source of clean energy. The average annual solar radiation energy incident over Egypt varies from 5 to 9 kWh/m2/day. This article targets the utilization of solar energy that is intensively available in our country by converting it into electricity through photovoltaic (PV) systems. Photovoltaic power generation has become a very important non-conventional energy source. The technology of photovoltaics has evolved and matured to become an economical alternative to other power sources. Photovoltaic systems are capable of producing electricity demand for several terrestrial applications. Photovoltaic powered systems with peak PV powers can have from mW to several MW. Central grid-connected PV systems have an installed power up to the MW range. With such central PV power stations it is possible to feed directly into the medium or high voltage grid. However, the development for improving the efficiency of the PV system is still a challenging field of research.
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