Photovoltaic systems in residences: A concept of efficiency energy consumption and sustainability in brazilian culture

Abstract

The production of energy can generate environmental impacts due to related factors such as the use of fossil fuels for a mechanical generation or even by flooding to reservoirs. The relevance of the subject refers to the strong urgency of better methods for optimization in the Brazilian energy sector, such as distributed generation, which is the focus of the research. Considering the concern with efficient energy consumption and sustainability, this work identifies potential aspects for the implementation of photovoltaic systems in residences. The applied method approach: a comprehensive literature review; institutional government sources and information provided by energy companies; two questionnaires involving specialists and decision makers limited to the residential sector; the Analytical Hierarchical Process as a tool to assist in the decision making of the identified aspects and a case study. As a result, six most relevant aspects were obtained, “lack of knowledge about the topic”; “lack of priority”; “cultural”; “standardization of standards”; “lack of influencers” and “costs”, divided into two classification groups, internal and external factors, and energy savings of 50% monthly in the case study compared to the tariff paid for the conventional concessionaire. Through the identification of the most important aspects of solar photovoltaic systems in residences, it was possible to propose guidelines: the dissemination of the solar source in schools; the standardization of standards between states and a national standard for photovoltaic solar energy with a scope similar to ISO 50001 (energy management systems - requirements with guidelines for use); correct dimensioning of the system and management of energy consumption demand.