Abstract
As the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix is increasing, new challenges arise regarding the grid integration. This research focuses on a solution for one of these challenges, namely the employment of batteries to address the mismatch in electrical power between electricity supply from photovoltaic systems and household electricity demand. Herein, the optimal sizing of batteries for household self-consumption is combined with peak shaving at district level, whereas previous studies only looked at these questions in isolation. Our analysis makes use of a unique set of power measurement data from 79 households in the Dutch city of Amersfoort, in 295 evenly distributed days, with a resolution of 10 s. By using simulation of batteries and Net Present Value analysis, the average optimal storage size for self-consumption in the case of net metering abolishment for households with photovoltaic systems was determined to be 3.4 kWh. Large differences were observed between different households; photovoltaic system size, total net metered consumption and specific characteristics of load profiles resulted into optimal storage sizes in the range of 0.5–9 kWh. The impact of these optimally sized batteries on neighborhood peak demand was assessed and found to be limited, corresponding to a decrease of 5.7%. The peak shaving potential was further assessed under different control strategies of the batteries. Results show that the impact could be amplified to a decrease of 22% or 51% when the batteries are controlled by using heuristics or by assuming perfect foresight together with a power minimization algorithm, respectively. The findings of this paper emphasize the importance of collaboration between households and other stakeholders, such as distributed system operators and retailers in transitioning to a sustainable power system.
Highlights
One of the viable options to cut greenhouse gas emissions in order to combat climate change is to generate electricity from renewable energy sources
This research focuses on a solution for one of these challenges, namely the employment of batteries to address the mismatch in electrical power between electricity supply from photovoltaic systems and household electricity demand
In this study the optimal sizing of batteries for PV self-consumption at household level was combined with determining the peak shaving potential of these optimal-sized batteries at neighborhood level, for a case study in the Netherlands
Summary
One of the viable options to cut greenhouse gas emissions in order to combat climate change is to generate electricity from renewable energy sources. The global generation capacity of PV systems has increased from approximately 7 GW in 2006 to about 300 GW at the end of 2016 [2]. A significant growth in electricity consumption due to electrification of the transport system and residential heating is expected [3,4]. As these trends will predominantly take place in the residential sector, this will pose challenges for the operation of low voltage (LV) electricity grids. Batteries installed in households could alleviate some of these challenges, by shaving peaks and filling valleys in the household demand profiles [5]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
