Abstract
Solar power energy in some countries can be the most potential renewable energy to overcome lack of energy and environmental problems. Indonesia is one of the examples. One of the promising cities to install photovoltaic (PV) systems is Makassar, which has average 5.83 kWh/m2/day of solar irradiance (Meyta, 2011). However, until 2016, there is still no solar panel installation in Makassar (PLN, 2015). In addition, general lack of research in assessing potential of PV systems in Makassar makes PV system difficult to develop. This study therefore set out to assess PV system potential in Makassar which its objectives are to determine 1) total available area for rooftop and large-scale PV systems in Makassar, 2) economy feasibility and 3) environmental impact due to PV installation. Three cases have been analyzed in this study, first, PV systems for residential rooftop, second, PV systems for large-scale (mega solar) in Makassar, and third, PV systems for large scale in outside Makassar and radius 20 km from center of Makassar. ArcGIS10.3 software is carried out to estimate available area for PV installation. Furthermore, RetScreen 4 software was used to conduct PV system capacity and its energy yield and to evaluate economy analysis such as internal rate of return and cost of energy. As the result, the total available area for residential rooftop PV system is evaluated to be 13.8 km2, which potential installed capacity is estimated to be 2044 MW. Total available area for large-scale PV system in Makassar and outside Makassar are 19.3 km2 and 231.3 km2, which estimated 851 MW and 10,179 MW of installed capacity, respectively.
Highlights
Indonesia is located in south East Asia and consists of five big islands, namely, Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua
Three cases have been analyzed in this study, first, PV systems for residential rooftop, second, PV systems for large-scale in Makassar, and third, PV systems for large scale in outside Makassar and radius 20 km from center of Makassar
Indonesia has been achieving economic and population growth making that quality of life of each individual person improves and causing energy final consumption to grow (Figure 1) [1]
Summary
Indonesia is located in south East Asia and consists of five big islands, namely, Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. They spread from east to west, which has total area of 1,910,931 km. In 2003, energy final consumption reached around 117 million TOE (Ton Oil Equivalent), which increasing 1.5 times higher in 2013 to be around 174 million TOE. It mostly comes from fossil energy, which consists 44% of oil, 30% of coal, and 18% of natural gas [2].
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