Abstract
The tilt angle of solar panels is significant for capturing solar radiation that reaches the surface of the panel. Photovoltaic (PV) performance and efficiency are highly affected by its angle of tilt with respect to the horizontal plane. The amount of radiation reaching the surface of a PV panel changes with the changes in its tilt angle, hence adding a solar tracking system will maximize the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface of a PV panel at any time during the day, however, integrating solar tracking system will increase the total cost and maintenance of any PV system. Thus, using an optimized fixed tilt angle is the solution to element the initial, maintenance, and operation costs of a solar tracking system. Yet, the fixed angle is location-specific because it depends on the daily, monthly, and yearly location of the sun. In this study; daily, monthly and seasonally angles are calculated mathematically and the amount of incident radiation on the surface of the PV panel is measured along with its voltage. By comparing the practical measurements of the output voltage of PV panels, an optimized tilt angle is decided.
Highlights
The new modern world is currently moving from conventional energy sources to the clean and renewable ones
The annual solar energy reaching on the surface of the earth is 1.5×1018 kWh [2], about 30% of the incoming energy is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by oceans, land masses and clouds
Their study showed that adjusting tilt angle of a PV panel installed in Iraq eight times a year can capture the same amount of energy as when the tilt angle is adjusted daily
Summary
The new modern world is currently moving from conventional energy sources to the clean and renewable ones. And seasonal changes of tilt angles of panels should be considered by mathematical calculations and supported by experimental results. Researcher in [6] Calculated the optimum fixed tilt angle of the PV panel in Turkey, they compared the mathematical analysis results with the experimental results. Their experimental results showed a difference of 11° between the mathematical and experimental results. Their study showed that adjusting tilt angle of a PV panel installed in Iraq eight times a year can capture the same amount of energy as when the tilt angle is adjusted daily. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: a brief description of tilt angles and PV panels is provided in section 2; Mathematical equations and calculations of tilt angle are provided in section 3; the experimental setup and results discussion are provided in section 4; Section 5 provide results discussion and conclusion
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