Abstract
In order to avoid clock skew in WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) for large-scale photovoltaic modules monitoring, an improved time synchronization algorithm, TSP-GDM (Time Synchronization Protocol with Gaussian Delay Model) is proposed in this paper. Interdependence of local time stamps is established between network nodes according to a linear clock model. Local exchange and share of local time stamps in nodes are achieved by means of wireless transmission. An estimation method with the Gaussian Delay Model is designed to deal with the estimation problems of the node clock offset. The synchronization accuracy of the proposed method is verified with the MATLAB simulation. It is found that TSP-GDM can be applied to synchronous topology of large-scale photovoltaic modules monitoring with a higher synchronization accuracy. Compared to RBS (Reference Broadcast Synchronization), TPSN (Timing-synchronization Protocol for Sensor Networks) and RTSP (Recursive Time-Sync Protocol for WSN), its synchronization accuracy in an inner layer has been increased by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$22.57~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$15.7~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 4.26 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> respectively.
Highlights
WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) to photovoltaic modules monitoring is a hierarchical topology sensor network equipped with massive sensor nodes in the module monitoring sections through wireless communication [1]
Those photovoltaic modules need to be divided into many groups, those modules in a group are arranged according to the star-shaped net structure and the related nodes constitute a micro wireless sensor local area network
This paper focuses on the situations of random transmission delay subject to Gaussian distribution
Summary
WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) to photovoltaic modules monitoring is a hierarchical topology sensor network equipped with massive sensor nodes in the module monitoring sections through wireless communication [1]. Because of the lack of full utilization broadcasting characteristics of wireless channels, every node needs to send at least one synchronization message It results in a large energy consumption and a long synchronization period. A designed time synchronization algorithm for WSN in this case needs to take the following into consideration: 1) estimation method of clock offset between nodes in a monitoring area, 2) the accuracy of a time synchronization algorithm, 3) message consumption of time synchronization algorithm. To solve the estimation problems of node clock offset for modules status monitoring, a time synchronization algorithm, TSP-GDM is proposed in this paper. The algorithm makes full use of the wireless broadcast characteristics of monitoring nodes in WSN It realizes the local sharing of local time stamps among nodes. Synchronization accuracy and synchronization energy consumption of this method is verified through MATLAB simulation
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