Abstract
There are two main types of solar power systems: thermal and photovoltaic (PV). The direct thermal use of solar energy for water heating is very old, mature and cheap technology. The world capacity of such solar thermal energy is over 400 GW‐thermal and is expected to increase sharply. For electricity generation, concentrated solar power is a promising technology for places with the right environmental conditions for generating electricity with higher efficiency than PV technology. This technology is only practical for high electrical power generation and storage, because of the complicated technology with relatively high initial and running costs. The use of solar energy is very attractive in many applications such as water heating, solar cooling (heat‐powered air conditioning), and even water desalination. Solar thermal technologies have various levels of temperature and pressure, with various heat‐conducting and storage materials.
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