Abstract
Abstract Previous work has shown that indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted peeling of the internal limiting membrane during vitreoretinal surgery may damage the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The present study tested the direct toxic effects and phototoxic effects of ICG on cultured human RPE. RPE cells were exposed to ICG (0.5%, 5 min) with or without lutein (20 μM), followed by light irradiation at different doses of light energy (1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 J/cm2). After 48 h, cells were collected and stained with trypan blue to obtain the number of viable and nonviable cells in different groups. Cultures exposed to ICG without light irradiation showed a significant decrease of viable cells (−13.3%) and an increase of nonviable cells (×2.5-fold) compared with cultures not exposed to either ICG or light, indicating the presence of direct toxic effects of ICG. In cultures exposed to ICG plus light irradiation (10.0 J/cm2), viable cells decreased significantly (−45.0%) and nonviable cells increased significantly (×4...
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