Abstract
We report the in vitro cell test and in vivo animal test results of titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) as a potential therapeutic agent used for cancer thermotherapy in combination with near-infrared (NIR) laser. The in vitro cell test results show that both the cells exposed to NIR laser without TiO2 NTs treatment and the cells treated with TiO2 NTs but not with NIR irradiation had cell viabilities higher than 96%. Combination of these two techniques, however, shows cell viability less than 1%. The cell death rate strongly depended on the concentration of TiO2 NTs. Also, the cell deaths were mostly due to necrosis but partly due to late apoptosis. The in vivo animal test results show that tumor cells can be completely destroyed without nearly giving damage to surrounding healthy cells by an injection of an adequate amount of TiO2 NTs/NaCl suspension and a subsequent single continuous laser treatment at a moderately low laser illumina-tion intensity for the exposure time optimized for the tumor size. These results suggest that TiO2 NTs can be effectively utilized as a therapeutic agent for cancer thermotherapy due to their excellent photothermal property and high bio-compatibility.
Highlights
In recent years, cancer thermotherapy techniques based on inorganic nanomaterials and NIR laser have attracted significant interest owing to their advantages over conventional surgical treatments
We report the in vitro cell test and in vivo animal test results of titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) as a potential therapeutic agent used for cancer thermotherapy in combination with near-infrared (NIR) laser
The in vitro cell test results show that both the cells exposed to NIR laser without TiO2 NTs treatment and the cells treated with TiO2 NTs but not with NIR irradiation had cell viabilities higher than 96%
Summary
Cancer thermotherapy techniques based on inorganic nanomaterials and NIR laser have attracted significant interest owing to their advantages over conventional surgical treatments. It is very important to develop a thermal coupling agent for thermotherapy with high photothermal effect in order to secure irreversible destruction of tumor cells in a short time without damaging adjacent healthy cells in thermotherapy. The thermotherapy based on TiO2 NTs in combination with NIR laser is anticipated to be effectively utilized to cure various cancers such as cancer of the esophagus, gastric cancer, cancer of the colon, cancer of the skin, breast cancer, and liver cancer due to the excellent photothermal property as well as the high biocompatibility of TiO2 NTs [12,13,14,15,16]
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