Abstract
Bacterial infection, inflammatory disorder, and poor angiogenesis of tissue in chronic wounds are the main reasons why wounds are difficult to heal. In this study, a novel MSN-PEG@AS/BP nano-spray was designed to solve these issues. Astragaloside IV (AS) was loaded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) to enhance angiogenesis and regulate inflammation, and the two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet black phosphorus (BP) was used to kill bacteria through a photothermal effect. Under thermal decomposition, the covalent bond of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was broken, releasing AS to promote the proliferation of fibroblasts, the formation of blood vessels, and the resolution of inflammation. AS can promote the polarization of the anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage phenotype to enhance the deposition of extracellular matrix and the formation of blood vessels. Besides, BP showed a significant photothermal effect and nearly 99.58% of Escherichia coli and 99.13% of Staphylococcus aureus were killed in an antibacterial study. This nano-spray would be a novel therapeutic agent for infected wound treatment.
Highlights
The skin is the largest organ of the human body
In the transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN)-polyethylene glycol (PEG), the nanospheres showed an inconspicuous porous structure, and the color deepened, indicating that the PEG shell was successfully modified on the surface of the MSN
The bacteria treated with MSN-PEG/black phosphorus (BP) were almost completely killed under NIR irradiation, which is attributed to the toxicity of BP to bacteria and the high temperature under NIR laser irradiation
Summary
The skin is the largest organ of the human body. When the skin is severely damaged, it will seriously threaten human health (Moreira and Marques, 2022). Bacterial infection is a major factor hindering the healing of chronic wounds. In order to avoid the long-term use of antibiotics that leads to bacterial resistance, photothermal therapy (PTT) was chosen as new way to treat the infected wounds. BP has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and its degradation products in aqueous media are non-toxic phosphate and phosphonate (Huang et al, 2018) Excessive inflammation is another major problem in wound healing, which leads to growth factor and ECM degradation, and hinders the formation of new granulation tissue and blood vessels (Eming et al, 2014). Compared to nano-silica, MSN effectively solves the problem of drug loading efficiency and sustained release kinetics due to its high surface area and ordered mesoporous channels (Zhang et al, 2017). The nano-spray reported here is a new way to treat bacteria-infected wound (Scheme 1)
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