Abstract
Abiotic stress remains one of the major challenges in managing and preventing crop loss. Photosystem II (PSII), being the most susceptible component of the photosynthetic machinery, has been studied in great detail over many years. However, much of the emphasis has been placed on intrinsic proteins, particularly with respect to their involvement in the repair of PSII-associated damage. PSII extrinsic proteins include PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR in higher plants, and these are required for oxygen evolution under physiological conditions. Changes in extrinsic protein expression have been reported to either drastically change PSII efficiency or change the PSII repair system. This review discusses the functional role of these proteins in plants and indicates potential areas of further study concerning these proteins.
Highlights
Photosynthesis is one of the fundamental processes that drive life on Earth
Algae, and plants, light is harvested in the antenna region by chlorophyll, carotenoid, and phycobilin pigments, and excitation energy is transferred to the photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre that contains the pigment complex P680 [6,7]
The results indicated that PPL1 might be a necessary component for the efficient repair of photo-damaged PSII and is essential for photoautotrophic growth [68]
Summary
Photosynthesis is one of the fundamental processes that drive life on Earth. Sunlight is converted into chemical energy and is used to convert carbon dioxide, water, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds which are used as food or an energy source by heterotrophs [1]. It was found that PsbQ can replace the N-terminal PsbP functional defect, suggesting that PsbQ plays a role in the PsbP stabilization in PSII [66] This was later confirmed by Fourier transform infrared differential spectroscopy studies, in which PsbQ could compensate for an impaired PsbP in order to induce proper conformational changes in the Mn cluster of the water oxidation machinery [97]; this finding suggested that PsbQ interacts with PsbP in higher plants. Studies have reported that the absence of PsbR causes small changes in the rate of oxygen evolution and phenotype, while depletion appears to lead to a reduced PSII activity, an impaired PSII–LHCII accumulation, and have effects on the transition states [68]
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