Abstract
ABSTRACT: Herbicide application is an effective weed control method for mitigating crop yield loss; however, herbicide overuse can cause toxicity in non-target plants. The present study evaluated the effects of glufosinate at recommended dose for agricultural application (0.45 kg ha-1) and at overuse dose (0.90 kg ha-1) glufosinate application on photosynthetic performance and nitrogen assimilation of the rapeseed varieties D148 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Both glufosinate concentrations significantly decreased the content of chlorophyll and nitrogenous compounds, except free proline, and the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, and increased the activity of glutamic acid dehydrogenase in both varieties. When the concentration of glyphosate was 0.45kg ha-1, the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties decreased, which indicated that the recommended dosage inhibited the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties; however, the increase of net photosynthetic rate of D148 and the decrease of that of ZS11 mean that D148 is more tolerant to the recommended dose of glyphosate than ZS11. The 0.90 kg ha-1 dosage was toxic to both rapeseed varieties. Overall, our results indicated that herbicide overuse inhibited the photosynthetic rate and nitrogen assimilation in rapeseed seedlings, and it is essential to apply a suitable glufosinate dose based on the variety grown to minimize adverse effects on crops and environment.
Highlights
Weeds are able to adapt to adverse climatic conditions and compete with crops for nutrients, water, and light, grow faster than crops, and reduce their yield (SUKSUNGWORN et al, 2016)
To improve weed control, farmers often apply an overdose of herbicides, resulting in a series of problems, including those caused by pre-emergent herbicides on seed germination and seedling growth (KEARNEY & KAUFMAN, 1975; SINGH et al, 2006; KHALIQ & MATLOOB, 2012; MAHAJAN & CHAUHAN, 2013; SUKSUNGWORN et al, 2016; AWAN et al, 2016)
Our results showed that the Pn of D148 were significant higher at 0.45 kg ha-1 glufosinate during two years field experiments, while that were significant lower than the control at 0.90 kg ha-1 glufosinate (Figure 1B)
Summary
Weeds are able to adapt to adverse climatic conditions and compete with crops for nutrients, water, and light, grow faster than crops, and reduce their yield (SUKSUNGWORN et al, 2016). To improve weed control, farmers often apply an overdose of herbicides, resulting in a series of problems, including those caused by pre-emergent herbicides on seed germination and seedling growth (KEARNEY & KAUFMAN, 1975; SINGH et al, 2006; KHALIQ & MATLOOB, 2012; MAHAJAN & CHAUHAN, 2013; SUKSUNGWORN et al, 2016; AWAN et al, 2016). Increasing herbicide application has led to environmental pollution and human health problems (APREA et al, 2002; LAITINEN et al, 2006; SINGH, 2006; ALI et al, 2008; TEERARAK et al, 2012; BADR ET AL., 2013; SUKSUNGWORN et al, 2016)
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