Photosynthesis and PSII functionality of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive weeping lovegrass plants

Abstract

World areas subject to drought are expected to increase under conditions of climate change. The purpose of this study is to clarify the response of grass species that can grow and produce under water stress. Therefore leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and pigment content response to water stress were studied in two varieties of the C 4 grass Eragrostis curvula. Two-year-old plants of cv Ermelo and Consol were grown in plastic pots. Drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation for 15 days and then rewatering for 5 days. During drought relative water content (RWC) decreased 65% in cv Ermelo, while lower reductions of RWC were observed in cv Consol. During the experiment in cv Ermelo increasing drought stress severity caused large decreases in photosynthetic rates, maximal PSII photochemical efficiency ( F V/ F M) and leaf pigment content. Cv Consol showed small variations in these parameters. Compared to cv Consol, after 15 days of drought, effective PSII quantum yield (Φ II) was significantly lower in cv Ermelo. Reductions of Φ II were related to significant reductions of open PSII energy capture efficiency ( F′ V/ F′ M). Photosynthetic response to increasing PPFD levels and to internal CO 2 concentration ( C i) were reduced by drought in cv Ermelo. Compared to well-watered control plants and to cv Consol, drought stressed plants of cv Ermelo showed also reductions of the initial slope of photosynthetic response to C i and in the photosynthetic rate measured at saturating C i. Moreover stomatal conductance ( g) of both cvs decreased during drought. However, g was lower in drought stressed plants of cv Consol than in cv Ermelo. Water stress caused large reductions in leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content in cv Ermelo, and small reductions in cv Consol. In drought-sensitive cv Ermelo water stress reduced the capabilities to down regulate PSII functionality through thermal energy dissipation. Results suggest that drought resistance of cv Consol, can be attributed to a higher water use efficiency.