Abstract
Three organotin complexes containing furosemide as a ligand (L), Ph3SnL, Me2SnL2 and Bu2SnL2, were synthesized and characterized. Octahedral geometry was proposed for the Me2SnL2 and Bu2SnL2, while the Ph3SnL complex has trigonal bipyramid geometry. The synthesized organotin complexes (0.5% by weight) were used as additives to improve the photostability of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, (40 μm thickness) upon irradiation. The changes imposed on functional groups, weight loss and viscosity average molecular weight of PVC films were monitored. The experimental results show that the rate of photodegradation was reduced in the presence of the organotin additives. The quantum yield of the chain scission was found to be low (9.8 × 10−7) when Ph3SnL was used as a PVC photostabilizer compared to controlled PVC (5.18 × 10−6). In addition, the atomic force microscope images for the PVC films containing Ph3SnL2 after irradiation shows a smooth surface compared to the controlled films. The rate of PVC photostabilization was found to be highest for Ph3SnL followed by Bu2SnL2 and Me2SnL2. It has been suggested that the organotin complexes could act as hydrogen chloride scavengers, ultraviolet absorbers, peroxide decomposers and/or radical scavengers.
Highlights
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has unique physical and mechanical properties and is widely utilized as a thermoplastic material [1]
The peak appearing at 3352 cm−1 for the ligand was shifted slightly in the organotin complexes which is an indication that the NH has coordinated to the Sn(IV) atom
It has been reported that additives with a concentration of 0.5% by weight showed the most efficient photostabilization effect when added to PVC [20]
Summary
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has unique physical and mechanical properties and is widely utilized as a thermoplastic material [1]. PVC undergoes photochemical degradation when exposed to sunlight or high temperatures for long periods of time [6] This photodegradation process can lead to changes in the mechanical and physical properties of PVC [7]. It is important to photostabilize PVC to enable its uses in harsh conditions such as high temperatures Commercial stabilizers such as plasticizers can be used to enhance photostability of PVC [11]. Organotin complexes can be used in a variety of different additives containing benzamidoacetic acid have been used to stabilize the [26]. We report and triorganotin(IV)complexes complexescontaining containingfurosemide furosemide as as photostabilizers for general interest in the field of polymeric materials [27,28,29,30,31]. PVC as as part part of of our our general general interest interest in in the the field fieldof ofpolymeric polymericmaterials materials[27,28,29,30,31]
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